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Runbook #12 – Cassandra Anti-Patterns pt.2 and Comprehensive Cassandra Glossary v1

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Cassandra handles NULL values differently from traditional data stores, treating them as tombstones, which can lead to higher read latencies and tombstone warnings. Delete operations also create tombstones, which can cause high latency, timeouts, and errors in the read path if not managed properly. Frequent updates on the same value can also negatively impact read performance, and materialized views, while providing an alternative to maintaining different denormalized tables, are an experimental feature in Cassandra and may go out of sync with the base table. Best practices include avoiding the queue anti-pattern, using the Leveled Compaction strategy, and not using queries that insert NULL values into the database.

Excerpted from the text – “Cassandra does not allocate a default space for column values of a record and then rewrites that location every time the record changes. It simply stores values for the columns that are provided and skips everything else. Even when you delete some data, Cassandra writes a special type of value on disk called tombstone to mark that an earlier record has been deleted.”

 

Questions the Runbook Answers:

  1. What is the handling of NULL values in Cassandra, and how does it impact read latencies and tombstone warnings?

  2. What is the impact of delete operations on Cassandra tables, and how can it be mitigated?

  3. How does frequent updates on the same value affect read performance in Cassandra, and what are some best practices to address this?

  4. What are materialized views in Cassandra, and what are some best practices for working with them?

  5. How does Cassandra treat tombstones, and what is the relationship between tombstones and delete operations?

  6. What is the queue anti-pattern in Cassandra, and why should it be avoided?

  7. How can the Leveled Compaction strategy be used to improve read performance in Cassandra?

  8. Why are materialized views an experimental feature in Cassandra, and what risks are associated with using them in production?

 

Optimize Cassandra Performance: Best Practices and Expert Tips

Cassandra’s delete operations can generate tombstones, leading to potential issues such as high latency, timeouts, and read errors if not properly managed. Frequent updates on the same value can also negatively impact read performance. Although materialized views offer an alternative to denormalized tables, they are an experimental feature in Cassandra and may go out of sync with the base table. To adhere to best practices, it’s important to avoid the queue anti-pattern, leverage the Leveled Compaction strategy for improved performance, and refrain from using queries that insert NULL values into the database.

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